Home> COMPLETE BLOOD PICTURE (CBP)
A CBP test, short for Complete Blood Picture test or Complete Blood Profile test, is a routine blood test that analyzes all three cell types in your blood. Complete Blood Picture tests are valuable for preventive healthcare, monitoring chronic health disorders and guiding treatment decisions.
CBP testing provides a snapshot of your blood cell health and overall health. It can help identify potential problems early on and guide further evaluation and treatment if necessary.
Deviations from the ideal reference ranges of a CBP test report can indicate various conditions, such as:
- A drop in red blood cell count, hematocrit levels or hemoglobin levels serve as indicators of anemia.
- Infection indicated by an Increased white blood cell count (particularly neutrophils).
- Bleeding disorders indicated by an abnormal platelet count or function.
- Leukemia indicated by an abnormal white blood cell count or presence of immature white blood cells.
Here is a detailed breakdown of the parameters measured in a Complete Blood Picture Test:
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Parameters:
Red Blood Cell Count (RBC Count): The quantity of red blood cells in a blood volume is usually expressed as millions of cells per microliter (million/μL). Normal reference ranges vary based on age, gender, and other factors.
Hemoglobin or Hb: This parameter reflects the hemoglobin content in the blood and is commonly assessed in g/dL or grams per deciliter.
Hematocrit or Hct: The proportion of the blood volume occupied by red blood cells, expressed as a percentage. It represents the packed cell volume or PCV and is determined by centrifuging a blood sample to separate its components.
Red Blood Cell Indices:These parameters provide information about the size (volume), hemoglobin content, and concentration of red blood cells. Common indices include:
- Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV): This indicates the average volume of red blood cells, measured in femtoliters (fL).
- Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW): It signifies the variability in the size of red blood cells, typically measured as a percentage coefficient of variation.
- Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH): It signifies the average hemoglobin level per red blood cell, usually evaluated in picograms or pg.
White Blood Cell (WBC) Parameters:
- White Blood Cell Count (WBC Count):This refers to the total number of white blood cells per volume of blood, typically measured in thousands of cells per microliter (thousand/μL).
- Differential White Blood Cell Count: This provides the relative percentages (or absolute counts) of different types of white blood cells including lymphocytes, eosinophils, monocytes, neutrophils and basophils. It aids in the diagnosis of inflammatory conditions, hematological disorders and infections
Platelet Parameters:
- Platelet Count:Platelet concentration in the bloodstream, typically assessed in thousands of cells per microliter (thousand/μL), denotes platelet count.
- Mean Platelet Volume or MPV:This represents the average size of your platelets.
The results of your CBP test will be compared to established reference ranges. However, it's vital to understand that these suggestive ranges may exhibit slight deviations depending on factors such as age, gender, and several other pertinent aspects. Your doctor will evaluate your results in light of your medical history, symptoms, and the outcomes of other diagnostic tests conducted.
The Complete Blood Picture (CBP) test, also known as the Complete Blood Profile or Complete Blood Count (CBC) test, is performed to provide valuable information about an individual’s overall health, well-being and functioning of the blood. It is a routine diagnostic test ordered by doctors and some of the common CBT tests uses apart from providing insights about an individual’s overall health include:
- Detection of Anemia: The CBP test can identify different types of anemia by measuring parameters such as hemoglobin levels, hematocrit, red blood cell count and red blood cell indices (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume).
- Evaluation of White Blood Cells: The CBP test gauges the white blood cell count, which aids in the diagnosis and monitoring of various infections, autoimmune disorders and inflammatory conditions
- Screening for Blood Disorders: The CBP test may be used as a screening tool to detect underlying blood disorders including leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, lymphoma or other hematological malignancies. A high RBC or Hemoglobin count could suggest a bone marrow infection
- Assessment of Platelets: Platelet count, one of the parameters analyzed as part of the CBP test, is essential for evaluating the blood's ability to clot and restrict bleeding. Abnormal platelet counts may be indicative of bleeding disorders such as thrombocytopenia and thrombocytosis or medical conditions affecting platelet function.
- Monitoring Treatment: It can be used to monitor the effectiveness of treatment for certain health conditions like leukemia or infections and also understand the effects of certain medications or treatments such as chemotherapy
Overall, the CBP test plays a crucial role in diagnosing, monitoring, and managing various medical conditions affecting the blood and is an essential tool in routine health assessments and diagnostic evaluations.
A Complete Blood Count (CBC) test is a very common blood test that usually doesn't require much preparation. Here's a breakdown of what to expect:
What to do before the CBC Test?
- In most cases, you won't need to fast before a CBC test. However, it's important to confirm with your doctor or the testing facility. Sometimes, if your CBC is part of a broader range of tests, fasting for a specific number of hours (usually 8-12 hours) might be required.
- Discuss any medications you take with your doctor beforehand. Your blood test results may be impacted by particular medications you are consuming. Your doctor will advise you if you need to temporarily stop taking any medications before the CBP test.
- Staying hydrated is generally good practice and it can also help make the blood draw smoother. Drink plenty of water the day before and on the day of the Complete Blood Profile test.
- Wear loose-fitting clothing with easy access to your upper arm. This will make the blood draw more comfortable.
What to expect during the CBC Test?
- You will first be seated in a comfortable position with your arm outstretched. To help find a vein for your blood draw, a lab technician or a trained medical professional will gently wrap a stretchy band around your upper arm. This band will briefly slow down blood flow in the area, making the vein easier to see.
- After locating a suitable vein in your arm, typically on the inner elbow. To ensure a safe blood draw, the medical professional will swab the area where they'll insert the needle with a disinfectant wipe. This helps eliminate germs and reduce the chance of infection.
- Take a deep breath and try to consciously relax the muscles in your arm as the blood is drawn. The blood draw itself involves a thin needle being carefully inserted into your vein. You may feel a brief pinprick as the needle goes in. The medical professional will then collect the necessary amount of blood in a vial or tube. It's common to feel a slight pulling sensation during this step of the process.
- After collecting the necessary blood sample, the medical professional will gently retract the fine needle. They will then press a cotton ball or gauze pad on the needle insertion site to stop any bleeding and apply an adhesive band-aid for further protection.
- You can relax for a few minutes after the blood draw. You can remove the band-aid after a few minutes or as instructed by the medical professional. You should receive the Complete Blood Profile or CBP blood test reports within a day or two of the blood draw. It is advisable to consult with your physician to gain a comprehensive understanding of the findings from your Complete Blood Count test.
A CBP or Complete Blood Picture test test can be prescribed for a diverse set of individuals including people who fall under one or more of the following categories:
Ultimately, the decision to prescribe a Complete Blood Picture test is made by a doctor based on your individual medical history, clinical presentation and risk factors. If you have any concerns, discuss them with your doctor to determine if a CBP test is right for you.
The CBP blood test normal range for all the parameters may vary slightly depending on factors such as age, gender and individual laboratory reference ranges. However, here are typical reference ranges for the main parameters measured in a CBP test:
Red Blood Cell or RBC Parameters:
Normal Red Blood Cell Count or RBC Count for Men: 4.5 to 5.9 million cells/μL
Normal Red Blood Cell Count or RBC Count for Women: 4.0 to 5.2 million cells/μL
Normal Hemoglobin (Hb) Range for Men: 13.8 to 17.2 grams/dL
Normal Hemoglobin (Hb) Range for Women: 12.1 to 15.1 grams/dL
Normal Hematocrit (Hct) Range for Men: 40% to 52%
Normal Hematocrit (Hct) Range for Women: 36% to 48%
Normal CBP range for Red Blood Cell Indices:
Normal CBP Test Range for White Blood Cell (WBC) Parameters:
Normal White Blood Cell Count or WBC Count for Men and Women: 4,500 to 11,000 cells/μL
Normal Differential White Blood Cell Count for Men and Women:
Normal CBP Range for Platelet Parameters:
Normal Platelet Count for men and women: 150,000 to 450,000 cells/μL
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Ans) No, CBC (Complete Blood Count) and CBP (Complete Blood Picture) tests are not necessarily the same. They may vary from one diagnostic center to another. While both these blood tests involve analyzing components of the blood, CBC typically includes measurements of all 3 blood cell types, whereas CBP or Complete Blood Picture may include additional parameters such as differential white blood cell count and red blood cell indices.
Ans) No, fasting is not always necessary before a CBP test. However, check with your doctor beforehand as fasting might be needed if your Complete blood profile test is part of a broader test panel.
Ans) The red blood cell (RBC) count in a CBP blood test indicates the number of red blood cells per volume of blood. It is significant because RBCs transport oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and organs. Abnormal RBC counts can be indicative of medical conditions such as anemia or polycythemia.
Ans) Platelets, small fragments of cells in the bloodstream, are pivotal for both blood clotting and the healing of wounds. In a CBP blood test, the platelet count is measured to gauge the blood's ability to form clots and control bleeding. Abnormal platelet counts can be indicative of thrombocytopenia or bleeding disorders like Glanzmann thrombasthenia, von Willebrand disease, Hemophilia and Bernard-Soulier syndrome
Ans) For routine health check-ups, individuals may have a CBP blood test done as part of their overall health assessment. The frequency of CBP testing depends on one’s health condition, age and other risk factors, but it is typically recommended at least once a year for adults as part of routine preventive health checkups. However, individuals with specific health conditions or individuals undergoing medical treatments may require more frequent monitoring as advised by their doctor.